एतद् [ etad ] [ etád ] m. f. n. (Gr. 223 ; g. [ sarvādi ] Lit. Pāṇ. 1-1 , 27) this , this here , here (especially as pointing to what is nearest to the speaker e.g. [ eṣa bāṇaḥ ] , this arrow here in my hand ; [ eṣa yāti panthāḥ ] , here passes the way ; [ eṣa kālaḥ ] , here i.e. now , is the time ; [ etad ] , this here i.e. this world here below)

sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns (e.g. [ eṣo'ham ] , I , this very person here) or with omission of those pronouns (e.g. [ eṣa tvāṃ svargaṃ nayāmi ] , I standing here will convey thee to heaven ; [ etau praviṣṭau svaḥ ] , we two here have entered)

as the subject of a sentence it agrees in gender and number with the predicate without reference to the noun to be supplied (e.g. [ etad eva hi me dhanam ] , for this ( scil. cow ) is my only wealth Lit. MBh.)

but sometimes the neuter sing. remains (e.g. [ etad guruṣu vṛttiḥ ] , this is the custom among Gurus Lit. Mn. ii , 206)

[ etad ] generally refers to what precedes , esp. when connected with [ idam ] , the latter then referring to what follows (e.g. [ eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ ] [ anukalpas tv ayaṃ jñeyaḥ ] , this before-mentioned is the principal rule , but this following may be considered a secondary rule Lit. Mn. iii , 147)

it refers also to that which follows , esp. when connected with a relative clause (e.g. [ eṣa caiva gurur dharmo yam pravakṣyāmy ahaṃ tava ] , this is the important law , which I will proclaim to you Lit. MBh.) Lit. RV.

[ etad ] ind. in this manner , thus , so , here , at this time , now (e.g. [ ná vā́ u etán mriyase ] , thou dost not die in this manner or by that Lit. RV. i , 162 , 21) Lit. AV. Lit. VS. Lit. ; ( ( cf. Zd. (aêta) ; Old Pers. (aita) ; Armen. (aid) ; Osk. (eiso) . ) )