च [ ca ] [ ca ]2 ind. and , both , also , moreover , as well as ( = 1 , Lat. (que) , placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes ; when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g. [ táva ca máma ca ] ( not [ te ca me ca ] ) , " both of thee and me " ) , when used after verbs the first of them is accented Lit. Pāṇ. 8-1 , 58 f. ; it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences ; in Lit. RV. the double [ ca ] occurs more frequently than the single (e.g. [ aháṃ ca tváṃ ca ] , " I and thou " , Lit. viii , 62 , 11) ; the double [ ca ] may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskṛit (e.g. [ kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te ] , " where is the frail existence , of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows? " Lit. Śak. i , 10) ; in later literature , however , the first [ ca] is more usually omitted (e.g. [ ahaṃ tvaṃ ca ] ) , and when more than two things are enumerated only one [ ca ] is often found (e.g. [ tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā ] , " in glory , in fame , in beauty , and in high position " Lit. Nal. xii , 6) ; elsewhere , when more than two things are enumerated , [ ca] is placed after some and omitted after others (e.g. [ ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī ] , " the payer of a debt and a physician ( and ) a Brāhman ( and ) a river " Lit. Hit. i , 4 , 55) ; in Ved. and even in class. Sanskṛit ( Lit. Mn. iii , 20 ; ix , 322 Lit. Hit. ) , when the double [ ca ] would generally be used , the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g. [ indraś ca soma ] , " both Indra ( and thou ) Soma " Lit. RV. vii , 104 , 25 ; [ durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ ] , " both difficult to be divided ( and ) quickly united " Lit. Hit. i) ; with lexicographers [ ca ] may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g. [ kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ ] , " the word [ karaka ] has the meaning " pitcher " and other meanings " ) ; sometimes [ ca ] is = [ eva ] , even , indeed , certainly , just (e.g. [ su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam ] , " even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name " Lit. Hit. ; [ yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ ] , " as great as they ( were ) just so great was he " Lit. Ragh. xii , 45) ; occasionally [ ca ] is disjunctive , " but " , " on the contrary " , " on the other hand " , " yet " , " nevertheless " ( [ varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ ] , " better the two first but not the last " Lit. Hit. ; [ śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ ] , " this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs " Lit. Śak. i , 15) ; [ ca-ca ] , though-yet Lit. Vikr. ii , 9 ; [ ca-na ca ] , though - yet not Lit. Pat. ; [ ca ] - [na tu ] (v.l. [ nanu ] ) id. , Lit. Mālav. iv , 8 ; [ na ca ] - [ ca ] , though not - yetLit. Pat. ; [ ca ] may be used for [ vā ] , " either " , " or " (e.g. [ iha cāmutra vā ] , " either here or hereafter " Lit. Mn. xii , 89 ; [ strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam ] , " either a woman or a man or any other being " Lit. R.) , and when aneg. particle is joined with [ ca ] the two may then be translated by " neither " , " nor " ; occasionally one [ ca ] or one [ na ] is omitted (e.g. [ na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum ] , " I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon " Lit. Śak. v , 18 ; [ na pūrvāhṇe na ca parāhṇe ] , " neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon " ) ; [ ca-ca ] may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence (e.g. [ mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ ] , " no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god " , Lit. vi , 8) ; [ ca ] is sometimes= [ ced ] , " if " (cf. Lit. Pāṇ. 8-1 , 30 ; the verb is accented) Lit. RV. Lit. AV. Lit. MBh. Lit. Vikr. ii , 20 Lit. Bhartṛ. ii , 45 ; [ ca ] may be used as an expletive (e.g. [anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca ] , " and with other sacrifices " ) ; [ ca ] is often joined to an adv. like [ eva ] , [ api ] , [ tathā ] , [ tathaiva ] , , either with or without aneg. particle (e.g. [ vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ ] , " one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy " Lit. Mn. iv , 133) ; (see [eva ] , [ api ] , ) For the meaning of [ ca ] after an interrogative see 2. [ ká ] , 2.[ kathā́ ] , [ kí m ] , [ kvá ] ) ; ( ( cf. 2 , Lat. (que) , (pe) (in (nempe) ) ; Goth.(uh) ; Zd. (ca) ; Old Pers. (cā) . ) ) ( 380,1 )